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Deshpande, D. V.
- Cardiovascular Endurance [Physical Fitness Index] and Maximal Aerobic Capacity [Vo2 max] in Young Male Wrestlers
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
3 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka State, IN
1 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
3 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka State, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 8-11Abstract
Aerobic capacity or Maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2 max) has been widely considered to be reliable and valid measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Persons possessing higher values of VO2 max have the capacity to yield larger amounts of energy, and are capable of performing better in athletic and other field activities. Cardiac endurance as determined by Harvard Step test is one of the component of physical fitness which reflects the ability of heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles and tissues and ability of those muscles and tissues to utilize that oxygen. Present study was done to determine Cardiac endurance [Physical fitness index] and Maximal oxygen uptake among 60 young male wrestlers in the age group of 11-25 years. Results of the study revealed no significant change in Cardiac endurance and VO2 max when different age group wrestlers were compared. However, VO2 max was significantly increased with increased duration of training among 16-20 age group wrestlers. This study also reflects the influence of age and training among wrestlers of Indian population.Keywords
Cardiac Endurance, Maximal Aerobic Capacity, Wrestlers
References
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- Safrit MJ 1986.Introduction to measurements in physical education and exercise science (Times mirror edn) Mosby college Publishing; 250.
- Taylor HL,Bushirk E,Henschel A 1955. Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of metabolic functions in man.J Applied Physiol; 8:73-80
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- Chatterjee S, Chatterjee P, Bandyopadhyay A 2001. Enumeration of validity for predicted VO2 max by Queen’s college step test in Bengalee boys.Indian J Physiol and Allied sci ;55:123-127.
- Yamaji K 1992. Science of maximum oxygen uptake.Tokyo, 1st ed. Kyorin Shoin Publisher:pp 14-191.
- Klissouras V 1973. Sport in the modern world-chances and problems .Springer -Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg New York; 504.
- Ekblom B 1969.Effect of physical training on oxygen transport system in man. Acta physiol Scand: 328.
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- Ikaheimo MJ,Palatsi IJ,Takkunen JT 1979.Non-invasive evaluation of the atheletic heart: sprinters versus endurance runners.Am J cardiol 44:24-30.
- Smith SA,Humphary RH,Wohlford DLF 1994.Myocardial adaptation and weight fluctuation in college wrestlers.Int J Sport Med;15:70-73.
- Stork T, Mockel M, Muller R 1992. Left ventricular filling behavior in ultra endurance and amateur athletes: a stress Doppler echo study. Int J Sports Med; 13:600- 604.
- Stolt A, Karjalaneinen J,Heinonen OJ, Kujalu UM 2000. Left ventricular mass,geometry and filling in elite female and male endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports; 10:28-32.
- Klissouras V 1973. Sport in the modern world-chances and problems .Springer -Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg New York; 504.
- Giorgi D,Di Bello V,Bertini A,Talini E,Valenti G,Cioppi A,Precisi S, Pallini M, Moretti L, Caputo MT,Giusti 2000.Physiological cyclic variation of the myocardial integrated backscatter signal in athelete’s heart.Int J of Sports Med 21;616-22.
- A Study of Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Cardiac Autonomic Function
Abstract Views :577 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, SSIMS& RC, Davangere, IN
1 Department of Physiology, SSIMS& RC, Davangere, IN
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 2, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 71-74Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on cardiac autonomic functions.
Method: The study was conducted in department of Physiology SSIMS&RC on 30 apparently healthy regularly menstruating female subjects in the age group of 18- 25 years based on predetermined inclusion -exclusion criteria. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle (menstrual, proliferative and secretory) on autonomic functions was assessed using autonomic function tests like heart rate variability (HRV), isometric hand grip test, cold pressor test (CPT), heart rate (HR) response to Valsalva maneuver, blood pressure (BP) response to change in posture.
Result: There is variation in autonomic function tests in different phases of menstrual cycle with predominant sympathetic activity in luteal phase than the follicular phase.
Conclusion: Alteration in autonomic functions in different phases of menstrual cycle could be under the influence of fluctuating levels of female sex hormones that lead to salt and water retention.
Keywords
Menstrual Cycle, Luteal Phase, Follicular Phase, Heart Rate Variability, Estrogen, Progesterone- Institutional Analysis of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs):Status and Measures for Wider and Effective Outreach
Abstract Views :276 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Research on Financial Inclusion and Microfinance (CRFIM), IN
2 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN
1 Centre for Research on Financial Inclusion and Microfinance (CRFIM), IN
2 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN
Source
The Microfinance Review, Vol 8, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 16-33Abstract
The Indian microfinance sector is witnessing a period of high growth phase. With increased capital inflows and easy availability of loans from banks, MFIs may be under pressure to perform better. This opens up the debate on whether the growth in the sector is sustainable or is it just a signal of the crisis like the one happened in 2010. This paper examines some of the pertinent issues related to the high growth, namely, regional concentration, robustness of credit appraisal, drivers of growth, mission drift, profitability, product and process innovations and responsible financing. Using regression analysis on the data available since 1996 with Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX), the paper also analyses the determinants of the profitability and efficiency of Indian MFIs. On the basis of the findings, the paper makes suitable suggestions for the wider and effective outreach of the Indian MFIs.
Keywords
Microfinance, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Outreach, Regional Concentration, Portfolio Quality, Drivers of Growth, Responsible Financing.References
- Champatiray A K, Agarwal P and Sadhu S (2010): “Map of Microfinance Distribution in India”, IFMR Centre for Microfinance: Chennai.
- Chen, Greg, S Rasmussen and X Reille (2010): “Growth and Vulnerabilities in Microfinance”, Focus Note No. 61, Washington DC: CGAP.
- Grameen Foundation India (GFI) (2015): “Microfinance Poverty Outreach in PSIG States”, at http://www.grameenfoundation.in (accessed on 6 September 2016)
- India Ratings & Research (2015): “Microfinance: Strong Comeback”, at https://www.indiaratings.co.in (accessed on 21 August 2016)
- MicroSave (2015): “Code of Conduct Assessment for Microfinance Sector”, at http:// www.microsave.net (accessed on 3 September 2016).
- M-CRIL (2015): “The M-CRIL Microfinance Review 2014: Risk, Regulation and Reward”, http://www.mcril.com (accessed on 2 September 2016).
- Misra A (2016): Responsible Finance India Report 2015, Access Development Services, New Delhi.
- Religare Capital Markets (2015): “India Microfinance: Crisis Brewing”, at http://research.religarecm.com (accessed on 23 August 2016).
- Reserve Bank of India (2015): “Non-Banking Finance Company – Microfinance Institutions”, Master Circular (NBFC-MFIs) – Directions – Modifications, Department of Non-Banking Supervision at https://rbi.org.in (accessed on 27 August 2016).
- Sa-Dhan (2016): The Bharat Microfinance Report 2016, New Delhi.
- - (2015): “Code of Conduct for the Microfinance Industry”, MFIN: Gurgaon.
- Sriram M S (2015): Inclusive Finance India Report 2015, Access Development Services, New Delhi.
- https://www.crisil.com/pdf/corporate/CRISIL-Inclusix-Volume-III.pdf
- https://www.themix.org (accessed on 15 February 2016)
- Comparative Study of Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Model and Microfinance Institution Model in Raibareli District of Uttar Pradesh
Abstract Views :272 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN
Source
The Microfinance Review, Vol 7, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 158-168Abstract
There are mainly two models of microfinance delivery in India - SHG Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) and Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). Broadly speaking, SBLP covers about 72% of all microfinance loans in the country and remaining 28% are covered by MFIs. However, the issue of Non- Performing Assets (NPAs) remains vital in both the models. This study examined various aspects of recovery performance of microfinance clients and other relevant aspects. The study is based on a comparison of SBLP supported by Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojana (RGMVP) and Sonata Finance Private Limited, a MFI operating in Raibareli district of Uttar Pradesh. The findings show that recovery from members of both RGMVP SHGs and Sonata Groups is high. The cases of multiple financing are very few in the study area. The findings support the view that if an initiative like RGMVP is present, problem of NPAs in SBLP can be addressed properly.Keywords
Microfinance, Loan Repayment Problems.- Outreach Performance of the MFI Sector:An Empirical Study
Abstract Views :241 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CRFIM, BIRD, Lucknow, IN
2 BIRD, Lucknow, IN
1 CRFIM, BIRD, Lucknow, IN
2 BIRD, Lucknow, IN
Source
The Microfinance Review, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 25-39Abstract
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have seen incredible growth in the past few years in India. However, there is a concern that the growth in the number of clients lags behind the growth in loan portfolio. In this context, this study intends to analyse the outreach of different categories of MFIs in terms of breadth, scope and depth. The study uses both, MFI-level and clientlevel data. The client-level data is drawn from 600 clients of 10 MFIs in five states. The MFIs were chosen from categories based on legal status and scale of operation. Larger Non Banking Financial Company-Micro Finance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs) were found to be having better geographical spread. However, in terms of other breadth of outreach variables, the performance depends upon the delivery models rather than the legal status and the scale of operation. In terms of scope of outreach, non-NBFC MFIs (like Annapurna Co-operative) were found to be better performing. The poverty outreach of the sample MFIs is much lower than the National Poverty Line. The study suggests developing an ecosystem of 'Not-for-Profit' companies in India for creating an alternate model of microfinance based on overall development of the clients. Additionally it also recommends introducing well-designed saving products and low-cost health and education services for the poor so as to ensure poverty reduction on a sustainable basis.Keywords
Microfinance Institutions, NBFC-MFIs, Poverty.References
- Annapurna (2016): Annapurna Annual Report 2015-16, Annapurna, Pune.
- Bharatiya Micro Credit (2016): BMC Annual Report 2015-16, BMC, Lucknow.
- Cashpor (2016): Cashpor Annual Report 2015-16, Cashpor, Varanasi.
- Champatiray, A K, Agarwal P and Sadhu S (2010): “Map of Microfinance Distribution in India”, IFMR Centre for Microfinance, Chennai.
- Grameen Foundation India (2015): Microfinance Poverty Outreach in PSIG States, Retrieved from http://www.progressoutofpoverty.org/sites/default/files/Four%20State%20POR%20 _Synt esis_Report_2015.pdf.
- Khamar, M and Martinez, R (2015): “India Microfinance Geographical Index: A Tool to Measure Microfinance Service Penetration Across India”, MIX, Washington DC.
- Midland (2016): Midland Annual Report 2015-16, Midland, Jalandhar.
- Nabard Financial Services Limited (2016): NABFINS Annual Report 2015-16, NABFINS, Bengaluru.
- Navajas, S, Schreiner, M, Meyer, R L, Gonzalez-Vega, C, and Rodriguez-Meza, J (2000): “Microcredit and the Poorest of the Poor: Theory and Evidence from Bolivia”, World development, 28(2), 333-346.
- Rashtriya Gramin Vikas Nidhi (2016): RGVN (NE) Microfinance Annual Report 2015-16, RGVN, Guwahati.
- Rathore, B S, Kumar, D and Deshpande, D V (2016): “Institutional Analysis of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs): Status and Measures for Wider and Effective Outreach”, The Microfinance Review, 8(2), 16-33.
- Shree Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (2016): SKDRDP Annual Report 2015-16, SKDRDP, Dharmasthala.
- SaDhan (2016): The Bharat Microfinance Report 2016, SaDhan, New Delhi.
- Sanghamithra (2016): Sanghamithra Annual Report 2015-16, Sanghamithra, Bengaluru.
- Sonata (2016): Sonata Annual Report 2015-16, Sonata, Lucknow.
- Ujjivan (2016): Ujjivan Annual Report 2015-16, Ujjivan, Bengaluru.
- http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=123563
- SHG Member as Business Correspondents:Issues and Modalities in Post PMJDY Scenario
Abstract Views :205 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CRFIM, BIRD, Lucknow, IN
2 CRFIM – BIRD, Lucknow, IN
3 BIRD, Lucknow, IN
1 CRFIM, BIRD, Lucknow, IN
2 CRFIM – BIRD, Lucknow, IN
3 BIRD, Lucknow, IN
Source
The Microfinance Review, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 53-66Abstract
India made several efforts towards achieving financial inclusion in order to increase the reach of banking services to every nook and corner of the country. Introduction of Business Correspondents (BC) in 2006 and the introduction of Self-Help Group (SHG) members as BC (SHG-BC) in 2012 is another milestone in this direction. Centre for Research in Financial Inclusion and Microfinance (CRFIM) conducted a study to examine the financial viability of the SHG-BC model. It also examined the issues and modalities required for the proper functioning of SHG member as BC. It attempted to understand the policy and implementation requisites for improving the business prospects of BCs.
The SHG-BC approach is comparatively new and adopted by a limited number of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). Banks engaging BCs may, therefore, need to work out a viable business model for BCs and integrate it with their overall business policies. This will not only help improve the banking business, but also extend the banking facilities to the poorest of the poor through the SHG movement.
Keywords
Business Correspondents, Self-Help Groups.References
- Beck, T, A Demirguc-Kunt and P Honohan (2009): “Access to Financial Services: Measurement, Impact, and Policies”, The World Bank Research Observer, Vol 24, No 1, pp 119-145.
- Khan, H R (2012): “Issues and Challenges in Financial Inclusion: Policies, Partnerships, Processes & Products”, Keynote address on “Financial inclusion in Indian Economy” organised by the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Bhubaneswar.
- Molyneux, Philip (2007): “Specific Economic Gains” in Luisa Anderloni, Maria Debora Braga and Emanuele Maria Carluccio (ed.), New Frontiers in Banking Services, Springer, Heidelberg.
- Reserve Bank of India (2015), Report of the Committee on Medium-term Path on Financial Inclusion, RBI, Mumbai.
- Sharma, Manoj, Anurodh Giri and Sakshi Chadha (2016): Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Wave III Assessment – Micro Save, 2016.
- Policy Induced Financial Inclusion:A Case of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in Uttar Pradesh
Abstract Views :203 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development (BIRD), Lucknow - 226012, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development (BIRD), Lucknow - 226012, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 38, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 322-341Abstract
This paper provides insights into the level of financial inclusion after implementation of PMJDY at the district and village level, in terms of level of utilisation of Basic Savings Bank Deposit account, use of RuPay debit cards and incidence of zero balance in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh. It also describes the functioning of Financial Literacy Centres (FLCs) and issues/challenges faced in the process of implementation of the Scheme. Overall, it may be said that PMJDY has served the purpose of financial inclusion to a great extent as it has ensured opening of bank accounts of all the households in the study area. However, concerted efforts are needed to address the issues relating to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in banks, Business Correspondents (BCs) and Financial Literacy Centers (FLCs) so that the tempo gained thus far is sustained and the goal of comprehensive financial inclusion is reached in near future.Keywords
PMJDY, Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account, RuPay Debit Cards, Financial Literacy Centers.References
- Mission Document, PMJDY, Govt. of India, 2014.
- Website of Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, Department of Financial Services https://pmjdy.gov.in/ accessed in February 2018.
- Potential Linked Credit Plan, 2017-18, Unnao district, NABARD.
- Annual Credit Plan, year 2016-17, District Unnao, U.P.
- Proceedings of State Level Bankers Committee, Uttar Pradesh, year 2014-15.
- Proceedings of District Level Consultative Committee, Unnao District, UP-Review of progress of quarter June-September 2014.
- Study Report on Impact of Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana, December 2016, published by BIRD, Lucknow and CAB, Pune.